Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻoihana mana uila, ʻo ka lawe ʻana ke kahua kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka hapa nui o nā hoʻololi ʻoihana.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokomo nui ka ʻāina i nā papahana kaʻa.I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomau nei ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ala kaʻa holo kiʻekiʻe, nā alaloa, a me nā alaloa o ka ʻāina i ka nui.

ʻO ka māhele kaʻa kaʻa he manawa kūʻai noʻoihana hoʻololi

Ma ke ʻano o ke kaʻaahi, ma ka hopena o 2016, he 30 mau kūlanakauhale ma koʻu ʻāina i kūkulu i ke kaʻa kaʻa, a ke kūkulu nei nā kūlanakauhale he 39 i ke kaʻa kaʻa.Ma hope o kēlā, e hoʻonui ka mākeke subway i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO nā manawa ʻoihana o nā hoʻololi ʻoihana i loko o ke kaʻaahi ka mea nui ma ka ʻōnaehana PIS (ʻike pāpaʻi), ʻōnaehana AFC (ʻohi ʻohi ʻauʻau) a me ISCS (integrated monitoring).Hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o ke keʻena hoʻomalu waena, ke alaloa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke ala kamaʻilio, ke kikowaena kiaʻi a me nā ʻike ʻike ma ke kahua. E like me ka manaʻo o ka poʻe i loko o ka ʻoihana, ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana o nā hoʻololi ʻoihana ma kēlā me kēia laina subway ma kahi o 10 miliona (PIS 3 miliona, AFC 3 miliona, ISCS a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe 4 miliona), a ʻo ka nui o ke kūʻai ʻana o nā mea kūʻai ʻoihana subway hiki ke piʻi i ka 1 100 miliona.Ma waho aʻe o nā subways, ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā ala kaʻa ma waena o ke kūlanakauhale.ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia nā hoʻololi ʻoihana ma ke kahua kaʻa kaʻa kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻāpana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i kūkulu hou ʻia a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pūnaewele kuʻuna, akā hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka hoʻokele hōʻailona o ke kaʻaahi, ka marshalling kaʻaahi, ka nānā ʻana i ka mana kaʻaahi a me nā ʻōnaehana AFC.

ʻO ke ala kaʻa he ʻāpana o ka manawa mākeke no nā hoʻololi ʻoihana

Ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka noi no ka ʻikepili a me nā lawelawe huakaʻi kanaka i loko o nā ala kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana electromechanical alaloa.No ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana electromechanical o ke alahele, ʻo ke kamaʻilio ʻana he mea nui loa ia.Ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana o ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio, electromechanical ke kumu o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā lawelawe kanaka a me ka hana ʻike.

ʻO ke alanui holoʻokoʻa piha Netcom ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ka ʻupena ring fiber optical, me ke kumu o ka hoʻololi ʻo Gigabit industrial Ethernet ʻekolu-layer e kākoʻo ana i ka pūnaewele apo fiber optical.Hoʻohana nā wahi komo o kēlā me kēia pūnaewele i nā hoʻololi Layer 2 a i ʻole Layer 3 e kūkulu i kēlā me kēia subnet noi lawelawe, a ua māhele ʻia kēlā me kēia subnet noi e VLAN e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā lawelawe like ʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻoihana pili ʻo Expressway i ʻoihana uku, ʻoihana kiaʻi, ʻoihana keʻena, ʻoihana kelepona, ʻoihana kūkā a me ka ʻoihana nānā wikiō, pono kēlā me kēia ʻoihana i kahi kamepiula pili e hoʻokumu i kahi pūnaewele wahi kūloko.

Nā mākeke kaʻa ʻē aʻe

Hoʻokomo pū ka mākeke kaʻa i nā mākeke kaʻahele ʻē aʻe e like me nā ʻōnaehana moku moku a me ka halihali naʻauao kūlanakauhale.No ka laʻana, i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi kūlanakauhale palekana, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i ka uila i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaʻa naʻauao o ke kūlanakauhale he mākeke nui no nā hoʻololi ʻoihana.ʻO ka ʻāpana komo pūnaewele o ka kāmela kiaʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kēlā me kēia kuʻina ka mākeke no nā hoʻololi ʻoihana.No ka nui o nā intersections ma Kina e pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka uila naʻauao, ʻo ke koi o ka mākeke i loko o nā haneli miliona e pili ana i ke kūlana o kēia manawa.