He aha te awha paoho?

Ko te tikanga o te tupuhi päpäho ka pakaruhia e te raraunga päpäho te whatunga me te kore e taea te tukatuka, ka noho i te nui o te päpäho whatunga, ka mutu te kore e taea e nga ratonga noa te rere, ka mutu ranei te pararutiki, ka puta he "awha paoho".Ka tukuna he anga raraunga, he putea ranei ki ia node i te wahanga whatunga paetata (kua tautuhia e te rohe päpäho) he päpäho;na te hoahoa me nga raruraru hononga o te topology whatunga, etahi atu take ranei, ka kapehia te haapurorotanga i roto i te maha o te waahanga i roto i te waahanga whatunga, ka horahia te anga raraunga, Ka arahi tenei ki te paheketanga o te mahi whatunga me te pararutiki whatunga, e kiia nei. he tupuhi whakapaoho.  

He aha te mowhiti Ethernet?

Ko te mowhiti Itarangi (e mohiotia ana ko te whatunga mowhiti) he topology mowhiti kei roto i te roopu o nga node IEEE 802.1 e tika ana, ka korero ia node ki etahi atu pona e rua ma te tauranga mowhiti 802.3 Media Access Control (MAC).Ka taea te kawe i te Ethernet MAC e etahi atu hangarau paparanga ratonga (pērā i te SDHVC, Ethernet pseudowire o MPLS, me etahi atu), ka taea e nga pona katoa te korero tika, te kore ranei.