Kusintha kwa mafakitaleadapangidwa makamaka kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamakampani osinthika komanso osinthika ndikupereka njira yolumikizirana yotsika mtengo yamakampani a Ethernet.Zosintha zamafakitale, monga zida zathu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri za LAN, zakhala zikudziwika kwa aliyense.Kutchuka kwake kuli chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa Efaneti, monga zida zamasiku ano za Efaneti, padzakhala zida zotere pafupifupi pafupifupi maukonde onse amderalo.

Zosintha zamafakitale ndi masiwichi otengera Efaneti kuti atumize deta, ndipo Ethernet imagwiritsa ntchito netiweki yam'deralo yomwe imagawana sing'anga yotengera mabasi.Kapangidwe ka switch ya Ethernet ndikuti doko lililonse limalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi wolandila, ndipo nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito mowirikiza kawiri.Kusinthaku kumatha kulumikizana ndi madoko ambiri nthawi imodzi, kotero kuti gulu lililonse la makamu omwe amalumikizana amatha kufalitsa deta popanda mikangano ngati njira yolumikizirana yokhayo.Kuyang'ana pa topology yotsatirayi, mudzapeza kuti pakugwiritsa ntchito nyenyezi ya nyenyezi, mosakayika padzakhala kusintha kwa Ethernet, chifukwa makamu onse amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe kuti zigwirizane.

M'malo mwake, mu topology ya nyenyezi yoyambirira, chipangizo cholumikizira chingwe chapakati ndi "HUB (hub)", koma ma hub ali ndi mavuto monga bandwidth yogawana, mikangano pakati pa madoko, chifukwa aliyense amadziwa kuti muyezo wa Efaneti ndi "hub".Conflict network" imatanthawuza kuti m'malo otchedwa "conflict domain", pafupifupi ma node awiri amatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake.Komanso, ngakhale kuti malowa ali ndi madoko ambiri, mawonekedwe ake amkati ndi otchedwa "mabasi" a Ethernet, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali "mzere" umodzi wokha mkati mwa kulankhulana.Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha hub, mwachitsanzo, ngati mfundo pakati pa madoko 1 ndi 2 zikulankhulana, madoko ena ayenera kudikirira.Chochitika chomwe chinayambitsa mwachindunji ndi, mwachitsanzo, zimatenga mphindi 10 kuti zitumize deta pakati pa mfundo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi madoko 1 ndi 2, ndipo ma node omwe madoko 3 ndi 4 amapezeka nthawi yomweyo amayamba kutumiza deta kudzera m'malo awa, mikangano. ndi wina ndi mzake, kuchititsa zomwe aliyense akufunikira Nthawi idzakhala yaitali, ndipo zingatenge mphindi 20 kuti amalize kufalitsa.Izi zikutanthauza kuti, madoko ochulukirachulukira omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake, mkanganowo umakhala wovuta kwambiri, komanso zimatengera nthawi yayitali kutumiza deta.

Mawonekedwe amtundu wa masinthidwe a mafakitale amatanthauza mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe olumikizirana, mawonekedwe a doko, mtundu woyambira, kuthekera kokulitsa, kuthekera kwa stacking ndi makonda azizindikiro omwe amaperekedwa ndi switch, yomwe ikuwonetsa momwe kusinthaku kumayambira.

Ukadaulo wosinthira ndi chinthu chosinthira chokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, mtengo wotsika, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka doko, komwe kumaphatikizapo ukadaulo wosinthika wovuta waukadaulo wolumikizira mugawo lachiwiri lachitsanzo cha OSI.Monga mlatho, chosinthiracho chimapanga chisankho chosavuta kutumiza chidziwitsocho malinga ndi adilesi ya MAC pa paketi iliyonse.Ndipo chisankho chotumizirachi nthawi zambiri sichiganizira zakuya zina zobisika mu paketi.Kusiyanitsa ndi milatho ndikuti kuchedwa kotumizira kosinthira ndikochepa kwambiri, kufupi ndi magwiridwe antchito a LAN imodzi, ndipo kumapitilira kutumizirana mauthenga pakati pa maukonde wamba olumikizana nawo.

Tekinoloje yosinthira imalola kusintha kwa bandwidth kwa magawo omwe amagawana nawo komanso odzipereka a LAN kuti achepetse zopinga pakuyenda kwa chidziwitso pakati pa ma LAN.Pali zosintha za Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, FDDI ndi ukadaulo wa ATM.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mabwalo opangidwa mwapadera ophatikizidwa kumathandiza kuti kusinthako kutumize zidziwitso mofanana pa madoko onse pamzere wa mzere, kupereka ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa milatho yachikhalidwe.Ukadaulo wokhazikika wophatikizika wogwiritsa ntchito umathandiza kuti kusinthaku kuzitha kugwira ntchito ndi zomwe tafotokozazi pankhani ya madoko ochulukirapo, ndipo mtengo wake wapadoko ndi wotsika kuposa mlatho wachikhalidwe.

Kusintha kwa mafakitale kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Pankhani ya ntchito zamakampani, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu: chitetezo chamigodi ya malasha, mayendedwe anjanji, makina opangira mafakitale, makina ochizira madzi, chitetezo chamatawuni, ndi zina zambiri.