Zosintha zamakampani zimatchedwanso masiwichi a Efaneti, omwe ndi zida zosinthira za Efaneti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira mafakitale, chifukwa cha muyezo womwe udatengera maukonde, kutseguka kwake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu, mtengo wotsika, komanso kuwonekera ndi mgwirizano TCP/IP protocol, Efaneti wakhala muyezo waukulu wolankhulirana mu gawo loyang'anira mafakitale. Zosintha zamafakitale zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe onyamula katundu ndipo zimatha kupirira malo ogwirira ntchito ovuta. Mndandanda wazinthu zolemera komanso kasinthidwe ka doko kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zamagawo osiyanasiyana amakampani. Chogulitsacho chimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a kutentha kwakukulu, mulingo wachitetezo siwotsika kuposa IP30, ndipo umathandizira ma protocol a rering network. Ma routers a 4G amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga azachuma, mayendedwe, kuyang'anira, kusunga madzi, kuteteza chilengedwe, mphamvu yamagetsi, ma positi, meteorology, intaneti yazinthu zam'manja, ndi telecom Internet of Things. Ndiye, pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa masiwichi a mafakitale ndi ma routers a 4G a mafakitale? Tiyeni tiwone limodzi!

Zosintha zamafakitale ndizosiyana ndi ma routers a 4G muzinthu zotsatirazi:

(1) Miyezo yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito

Kusintha koyambirira kwa mafakitale kunali kugwira ntchito pagawo lolumikizana ndi data (wosanjikiza 2) wa zomangamanga zotseguka za OSI/RM, ndipo rauta ya 4G ya mafakitale idapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito pamtundu wamtundu wa OSI. Popeza kusintha kwa mafakitale kumagwira ntchito pachigawo chachiwiri (chida cholumikizira deta) cha OSI, mfundo yake yogwira ntchito ndi yosavuta. Koma mafakitale a 4G routers amagwira ntchito pagawo lachitatu (network layer) ya OSI, yomwe ingapeze zambiri za protocol, ndi mafakitale a 4G routers amatha kupanga zisankho zanzeru zotumizira.

(2) Kutumiza kwa data kumatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana

Masiwichi akumafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi enieni kapena ma adilesi a MAC kuti adziwe ma adilesi omwe amatumizira data. Ma routers a Industrial 4G amagwiritsa ntchito manambala a ID (ie ma adilesi a IP) amanetiweki osiyanasiyana kudziwa adilesi yotumizira deta. Adilesi ya IP imayikidwa mu mapulogalamu ndipo imalongosola netiweki yomwe chipangizocho chili. Nthawi zina ma adilesi agawo lachitatu awa amatchedwanso ma adilesi a protocol kapena ma adilesi a netiweki. Adilesi ya MAC nthawi zambiri imamangidwa mu hardware, yomwe imaperekedwa ndi wopanga makadi a netiweki, ndipo yakhazikika mu kirediti kadi, ndipo nthawi zambiri sichingasinthidwe. Adilesi ya IP nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa ndi woyang'anira netiweki kapena makina.

(3) Kusintha kwamafakitale kwachikhalidwe kumatha kungogawanitsa malo osagwirizana, osati malo owulutsa; pomwe rauta ya 4G yamakampani imatha kugawa malo owulutsa. Magawo a netiweki olumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale akadali amtundu womwewo wowulutsa, ndipo mapaketi a data amawulutsidwa adzatumizidwa pamagulu onse a netiweki olumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale, zomwe zingayambitse kuthandizira kulumikizana ndi kufooka kwachitetezo nthawi zina. Magawo a netiweki olumikizidwa ndi rauta ya 4G ya mafakitale adzaperekedwa kumadera osiyanasiyana owulutsa, ndipo deta yowulutsa sidzadutsa rauta ya 4G yamakampani.

Ngakhale kusintha kwa mafakitale pamwamba pa gawo lachitatu kumakhala ndi ntchito za VLAN, malo owonetsera amathanso kugawidwa, koma kuyankhulana pakati pa madera owonetserako sikungathe kufotokozedwa, ndipo kuyankhulana pakati pawo kumafunikirabe rauta ya 4G ya mafakitale.

(4) Router ya 4G ya mafakitale imapereka ntchito yozimitsa moto. Imangotumiza mapaketi a data omwe ali ndi maadiresi enieni, ndipo satumiza mapaketi a data omwe sagwirizana ndi ndondomeko zoyendetsera maulendo ndi kutumiza mapaketi a data pa intaneti yomwe ikufuna, zomwe zingalepheretse mvula yamkuntho.