Router is layer 3 network mudziyo.Iyo hub inoshanda pane yekutanga layer ( iyo yemuviri layer) uye haina hungwaru kugadzirisa kugona.Kana ikozvino yeimwe chiteshi ichipfuudzwa kune hub, inongoendesa ikozvino kune mamwe madoko, uye haina basa kana makomputa akabatana kune mamwe madoko anogamuchira aya data..Shanduko inoshanda pachikamu chechipiri iyo data link layer), ine njere kupfuura hubhu.Kwairi, iyo data panetiweki kuunganidzwa kwemakero eMAC, uye inogona kusiyanisa kwainobva MAC kero uye kwekuenda MAC kero muchimiro., saka chinongedzo chinogona kusimbiswa pakati pezviteshi zviviri, asi switch haizive iyo IP kero, inongoziva kero yeMAC.Iyo router inoshanda pachikamu chechitatu ( network layer), yakanyanya "kuchenjera" kupfuura switch, inogona kunzwisisa IP kero mu data, kana ikagamuchira data packet, inotarisa nzvimbo yetiweki kero mupaketi sarudzawhether kero yekuenda yepakiti iripo mune yazvino routing tafura (kureva, kana router inoziva nzira yekuenda kune network).Kana iyo kero yekuenda kwepakiti inowanikwa yakafanana nekero yetiweki yakabatana kune interface ye router, iyo data ichaendeswa kune inoenderana interface nekukurumidza;kana kero yekuenda kwepakiti ikawanikwa isina kubatanidzwa zvakananga kune yayo yega network segment, iyo router ichaongorora yayo yega tafura tafura.Tsvaga iyo interface inoenderana nenzvimbo yekuenda kunetiweki yepakiti, uye uiendese kubva kune inoenderana interface;kana kero yetiweki yakanyorwa mutafura yekufambisa isingaenderane nekero yekuenda kwepakiti, ichaendeswa kune iyo default interface maererano neiyo router configuration.Kana iyo default interface isina kugadziridzwa Inotevera inodzosera iyo ICMP ruzivo rwekuti kero yekuenda haisvikiki kumushandisi.