Maanta, intarneetku waxa uu galay kumannaan qoys, internetkuna waxa uu nolosheenna ka noqday shay aan laga maarmi karin. Guud ahaan, aaladaha shabakadaha ugu caansan guriga waa: modem indhaha, router, furayaasha, wifi, laakiin isticmaaleyaal badan si fudud uma kala saari karaan. Markaad la kulanto cillad shabakadeed oo aad wacdo caawimo, badanaa waxay qaadataa wakhti dheer si loo xalliyo dhibaatada sababtoo ah ma kala saari kartid qalabka.

Aan soo bandhigo fikradaha iyo shaqooyinka aaladaha shabakado dhowr ah sida modem-ka indhaha, router-ka, furayaasha, iyo wifi si faahfaahsan hoos.

1. Modem Optical: Modem Optical, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan transceiver-ka hal-deked ah, waa nooc ka mid ah qalabka teerminalka gudbinta fiber indhaha.
Xaaladaha codsiga guud waa: user-Ethernet optical modem-optical cable-E1 optical modem-2M cable-central office SDH transceiver indhaha A-xafiska dhexe SDH transceiver indhaha B-PDH transceiver indhaha-E1 to Ethernet borotokoolka beddelka-user qalabka (Ethernet). badal ama kombuyuutar iwm).
Fiiro gaar ah: Si loo xaqiijiyo isgaadhsiinta indhaha, modulation optical iyo demodulation waa in la sameeyaa, markaa modem indhaha waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka isgaarsiinta fiber optic.

2. Switch: Ujeedada ugu weyn waa in laga galo internetka iyada oo la adeegsanayo fiilada shabakadeed, kaas oo leh shaqada ballaarinta dekedda shabakadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qof kastaa si gooni ah ayuu u garaacaa internetka, mid walbana wuxuu isticmaalaa balaadhkiisa. Qof kastaa wax saameyn ah kuma laha internetka, xitaa haddii dadka kale ay soo dejinayaan, waxay sidoo kale saameyn doontaa helitaanka internetka. Ma jirto wax saameyn ah, oo dhammaan kombiyuutarada isticmaalaya isku beddelka waxay ku jiraan LAN isku mid ah. Furayaasha warshadaha iyo furayaasha wershadaha ee PoE ee aanu soo saarno waxay ku dhacaan qaybtan.

3. Router: Sida beddelka, waxa uu ballaarin karaa dekedda network oo uu leeyahay function garaaca dalwaddii. Kumbuyuutarrada ku xiran intarneedka iyagoo isticmaalaya isku router ayaa wadaaga akoon isku mid ah, qof walbana galitaanka internetka ayaa midba midka kale saameeya. Tusaale ahaan, haddii kombuyuutarku soo dejinayo, kombuyuutarrada kale ee isla router-ka ah waxay si cad u dareemayaan in xawaaraha internetka uu yahay mid gaabis ah. Kumbuyuutarrada ku jira isla routerka ayaa sidoo kale ku jira shabakad degaanka ah. Router-yadayada 4G-ga ee warshadaha sidoo kale waxay ka tirsan yihiin qaybtan, router-yada sidoo kale waxaa loo qaybiyaa qaybo badan heer.

4. WiFi: waa tignoolajiyada u sahlaysa aaladaha elegtarooniga ah in ay ku xidhmaan wireless local area network (WLAN), badiyaa isticmaalaya 2.4G UHF ama 5G SHF ISM radiofrequency bands. Ku xidhidhiyaha LAN-ka bilaa-waayirka ah badiyaa waa sirta lagu ilaaliyo; laakiin sidoo kale wuu furan yahay, kaas oo u oggolaanaya qalab kasta oo ku dhex jira xadka WLAN inuu ku xidhmo. Wi-Fi waa astaan ​​ka mid ah tignoolajiyada isgaadhsiinta shabakada wireless, oo ay hayso Isbahaysiga Wi-Fi, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la wanaajiyo wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa alaabta shabakadaha wirelesska ee ku salaysan heerka IEEE 802.11.

Kaabista: Dadka qaar ayaa sheegaya in router-ka loo isticmaali karo bedel ahaan. Habkani waa sida soo socota: Ha ku xidhin fiilada shabakadda modem-ka indhaha ee dekedda WAN, laakiin ku dheji deked kasta oo LAN ah. Waxyaabo kale ayaa weli is beddelin. Waqtigaan, router-ku wuxuu ogaanayaa shaqada beddelka.