Iiswitshi zemizi-mveliso zikwabizwa ngokuba ziiswitshi ze-Ethernet zemizi-mveliso, ezizizixhobo zokutshintshela ze-Ethernet ezisetyenziswa kwintsimi yolawulo lwamashishini, ngenxa yomgangatho owamkelweyo womnatha, ukuvuleka kwayo, ukusetyenziswa okubanzi, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye neprotocol yeTCP / IP ecacileyo kunye nobunye, i-Ethernet iye yaba. owona mgangatho wonxibelelwano kwinkalo yolawulo lwamashishini. Ukutshintsha kwemizi-mveliso kuneempawu zentsebenzo yenkampani yenkampani kwaye inokumelana neendawo zokusebenza ezinzima. Uluhlu lweemveliso ezityebileyo kunye noqwalaselo lwezibuko oluguquguqukayo lunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemimandla eyahlukeneyo yoshishino. Imveliso ithatha uyilo olubanzi lobushushu, inqanaba lokhuseleko alikho ngaphantsi kwe-IP30, kwaye lixhasa iiprothokholi ezisezantsi kunye nezabucala zothungelwano lweringi. Ii-routers ze-4G zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini afana nezezimali, ukuthutha, ukubeka iliso, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, amandla ombane, iinkonzo zeposi, i-meteorology, i-intanethi ye-intanethi yezinto, kunye ne-telecom Internet yezinto. Ke, yintoni umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwamashishini kunye neerouter ze-4G zoshishino? Makhe sijonge kunye !

Ukutshintsha kwamashishini kwahlukile kwii-router ze-4G zoshishino kula manqaku alandelayo:

(1) Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusebenza

Ukutshintshwa kwemboni yokuqala kwakusebenza kwi-data link layer (i-2) ye-OSI / RM ye-architecture evulekileyo, kwaye i-router ye-industrial 4G yayiyilwe ekuqaleni ukuba isebenze kwi-network layer ye-OSI model. Ekubeni utshintsho lwezoshishino lusebenza kwinqanaba lesibini (idatha yekhonkco yedatha) ye-OSI, umgaqo wayo wokusebenza ulula. Kodwa ii-router ze-4G zoshishino zisebenza kwinqanaba lesithathu (i-network layer) ye-OSI, enokufumana ulwazi oluninzi lweprotocol, kunye ne-industrial 4G routers zingenza izigqibo ezihlakaniphile zokuthumela.

(2) Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kusekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo

Ukutshintsha kwamashishini kusebenzisa iidilesi zendawo okanye iidilesi ze-MAC ukumisela idilesi yendawo yokuthumela idatha. Iirutha ze-Industrial 4G zisebenzisa iinombolo ze-ID (okt idilesi ye-IP) yothungelwano olwahlukeneyo ukumisela idilesi yokuthunyelwa kwedatha. Idilesi ye-IP iphunyezwe kwisoftware kwaye ichaza inethiwekhi apho isixhobo sikhoyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi dilesi zoluhlu lwesithathu zikwabizwa ngokuba ziidilesi zeprotocol okanye iidilesi zenethiwekhi. Idilesi ye-MAC ngokuqhelekileyo yakhiwe kwi-hardware, eyabelwe ngumenzi wekhadi lenethiwekhi, kwaye iye yaqiniswa kwikhadi lenethiwekhi, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ayinakuguqulwa. Idilesi ye-IP idla ngokunikezelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngumlawuli wothungelwano okanye inkqubo.

(3) Ukutshintsha kweshishini lemveli kunokwahlula kuphela isizinda songquzulwano, hayi indawo yosasazo; ngelixa i-router ye-4G yezoshishino inokwahlula i-domain yosasazo. Amacandelo othungelwano oludityaniswe yi-industrial switch asekho kwi-domain yosasazo olufanayo, kwaye iipakethi zedatha zokusasaza ziya kuhanjiswa kuwo onke amacandelo enethiwekhi adityaniswe yi-industrial switch, enokukhokelela kwinkxaso yonxibelelwano kunye nobuthathaka bokhuseleko kwezinye iimeko. Amacandelo enethiwekhi axhunywe kwi-router ye-industrial 4G iya kunikwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza, kwaye idatha yokusasazwa ayiyi kudlula kwi-router ye-industrial 4G.

Nangona i-industrial switches engaphezulu kwe-third layer inemisebenzi ye-VLAN, i-domain yosasazo inokwahlulwa, kodwa unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-sub-broadcast domains alukwazi ukunxibelelana, kwaye unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo lusafuna i-router ye-industrial 4G.

(4) I-router ye-industrial 4G inikezela ngenkonzo ye-firewall. Ihambisa kuphela iipakethi zedatha kunye needilesi ezithile, kwaye ayithumeli iipakethi zedatha ezingaxhasi iiprotocol zendlela kunye nokuhanjiswa kweepakethe zedatha kwinethiwekhi ekujoliswe kuyo, enokuthintela iziphepho zokusasaza.