Irutha iyidivayisi yenethiwekhi yongqimba 3.Ihabhu lisebenza kungqimba lokuqala (isendlalelo esibonakalayo) futhi alinawo amandla okucubungula ahlakaniphile.Uma i-current yembobo eyodwa idluliselwa kuhabhu, ivele idlulisele okwamanje kwezinye izimbobo, futhi ayinandaba noma amakhompyutha axhunywe kwezinye izimbobo ayayithola le datha..Iswishi isebenza kusendlalelo sesibili sesendlalelo sesixhumanisi sedatha), esihlakaniphe kunehabhu.Kuyo, idatha ekunethiwekhi iqoqo lamakheli e-MAC, futhi ingahlukanisa umthombo wekheli le-MAC nendawo okuyiwa kuyo ikheli le-MAC kuhlaka., ngakho-ke uxhumano lungasungulwa phakathi kwanoma yiziphi izimbobo ezimbili, kodwa ukushintshwa akulazi ikheli le-IP, yazi kuphela ikheli le-MAC.I-router isebenza kungqimba lwesithathu ( ungqimba lwenethiwekhi), "ihlakaniphe kakhulu" kunokushintsha, ingakwazi ukuqonda ikheli le-IP kudatha, uma ithola iphakethe ledatha, ihlola ikheli lenethiwekhi yendawo ephaketheni ukuze nqumawukuthi ikheli lendawo okuyiwa kulo lephakethe likhona kuthebula lomzila lamanje (okungukuthi, noma ngabe umzila uyayazi indlela eya kunethiwekhi yendawo).Uma ikheli lendawo yephakethe litholakala lifana nekheli lenethiwekhi elixhunywe kusixhumi esibonakalayo somzila, idatha izodluliselwa kusixhumi esibonakalayo esihambisanayo ngokushesha;uma ikheli lepakethe okuyiwa kulo litholakala lingaxhunywanga ngokuqondile engxenyeni yalo yenethiwekhi, i-router izohlola ithebula layo lomzila.Thola isixhumi esibonakalayo esihambisana nenethiwekhi yendawo okuyiwa kuyo yephakethe, futhi uyidlulisele kusuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo esihambisanayo;uma ikheli lenethiwekhi elirekhodwe kuthebula lomzila lingafani nekheli lepakethe okuyiwa kulo, lizodluliselwa kusixhumi esibonakalayo esizenzakalelayo ngokuvumelana nokucushwa komzila.Uma isixhumi esibonakalayo esimisiwe singalungiselelwe Okulandelayo kuzobuyisela ulwazi lwe-ICMP ukuthi ikheli lendawo alifinyeleleki kumsebenzisi.