Namuhla, i-inthanethi isingene ezinkulungwaneni zemizi, futhi i-inthanethi isiyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu. Ngokuvamile, amadivaysi enethiwekhi ajwayelekile kakhulu ekhaya yilezi: amamodemu optical, amarutha, amaswishi, i-wifi, kodwa abasebenzisi abaningi abakwazi ukuwahlukanisa kalula. Uma uhlangabezana nokuhluleka kwenethiwekhi futhi ucele usizo, ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuxazulula inkinga ngoba awukwazi ukuhlukanisa imishini.

Ake ngethule imiqondo nemisebenzi yamadivayisi amaningi enethiwekhi njengamamodemu abonakalayo, amarutha, amaswishi, ne-wifi ngemininingwane engezansi.

1. Imodemu ye-Optical: Imodemu ye-Optical, ebizwa nangokuthi i-single-port optical transceiver, iwuhlobo lwemishini yokugcina yokudlulisa i-fiber optical.
Izimo ezijwayelekile zohlelo lokusebenza yilezi: umsebenzisi-Ethernet optical modem-optical cable-E1 optical modem-2M cable-central office SDH optical transceiver A-central office SDH optical transceiver B-PDH optical transceiver-E1 to Ethernet protocol conversion-user equipment (Ethernet) shintsha noma ikhompuyutha njll).
Qaphela: Ukuze ubone ukuxhumana kwamehlo, ukuguquguquka kwe-optical kanye nokwehliswa kwezimpawu kufanele kwenziwe, ngakho-ke imodemu yokubona iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuxhumana ye-optical fibre.

2. Shintsha: Inhloso enkulu ukufinyelela i-inthanethi ngentambo yenethiwekhi, enomsebenzi wokwandisa imbobo yenethiwekhi. Kodwa-ke, wonke umuntu udayela i-inthanethi ngokwehlukana, futhi ngamunye usebenzisa i-broadband yakhe. Wonke umuntu akanawo umthelela ku-inthanethi, ngisho noma abanye abantu belanda, kuzophinde kuthinte ukufinyelela kwabo ku-inthanethi. Awukho umthelela, futhi wonke amakhompyutha asebenzisa iswishi efanayo aku-LAN efanayo. Amaswishi ezimboni kanye namaswishi e-PoE yezimboni esiwakhiqizayo awela kulesi sigaba.

3. Irutha: Njengeswishi, inganweba imbobo yenethiwekhi futhi inomsebenzi wokudayela obonakalayo. Amakhompyutha axhunywe ku-inthanethi ngomzila ofanayo abelana nge-akhawunti efanayo ye-broadband, futhi ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kwawo wonke umuntu kuthinta omunye nomunye. Isibonelo, uma ikhompuyutha ilanda, amanye amakhompyutha kumzila ofanayo azozwa ngokusobala ukuthi isivinini se-inthanethi sihamba kancane kakhulu. Amakhompyutha akumzila ofanayo nawo akunethiwekhi yendawo. Amarutha ethu e-4G ezimboni nawo angawalesi sigaba, futhi amarutha nawo ahlukaniswe izigaba eziningi ngeleveli.

4. I-WiFi: ubuchwepheshe obuvumela izinto zikagesi ukuthi zixhume kunethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo (i-WLAN), ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amabhendi omsakazo we-2.4G UHF noma we-5G SHF ISM. Ukuxhuma ku-LAN engenantambo kuvamise ukuthi kuvikelwe ngephasiwedi; kodwa futhi ingavuleka, okuvumela noma iyiphi idivayisi engaphakathi kwebanga le-WLAN ukuthi ixhume. I-Wi-Fi iwuphawu lobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi engenantambo, ephethwe yi-Wi-Fi Alliance, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemikhiqizo yenethiwekhi engenantambo ngokusekelwe ezingeni le-IEEE 802.11.

Isengezo: Abanye abantu bathi irutha ingasetshenziswa njengokushintsha. Indlela imi kanje: Ungaxhumi ikhebula lenethiwekhi ukusuka kumodemu yokubona uye embobeni ye-WAN, kodwa uyixhume kunoma iyiphi imbobo ye-LAN. Ezinye izinto zihlala zingashintshile. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-router ibona umsebenzi wokushintsha.