Ukushintsha kwezimboni kubizwa nangokuthi ama-switch Ethernet wezimboni, okuyimishini yokushintsha ye-Ethernet esetshenziswa emkhakheni wokulawulwa kwezimboni, ngenxa yezinga lenethiwekhi elamukelwayo, ukuvuleka kwayo, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi, intengo ephansi, kanye nephrothokholi ye-TCP/IP esobala nehlanganisiwe, i-Ethernet izinga lokuxhumana eliyinhloko emkhakheni wokulawula izimboni. Amaswishi ezimboni anezici zokusebenza zesigaba senkampani yenethiwekhi futhi angamelana nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima. Uchungechunge lomkhiqizo ocebile kanye nokucushwa kwechweba okuguquguqukayo kungahlangabezana nezidingo zemikhakha yezimboni ehlukahlukene. Umkhiqizo wamukela idizayini yezinga lokushisa elibanzi, izinga lokuvikela alikho ngaphansi kune-IP30, futhi isekela izimiso ezijwayelekile neziyimfihlo zenethiwekhi yokuphindaphinda. Amarutha e-4G asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nezezimali, ezokuthutha, ukuqapha, ukongiwa kwamanzi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, amandla kagesi, izinsiza zeposi, i-meteorology, i-inthanethi Yezinto Yeselula, kanye ne-telecom Internet of Things. Ngakho-ke, yimuphi umehluko phakathi kokushintshwa kwezimboni namarutha e-4G yezimboni? Ake sibheke ndawonye!

Ukushintsha kwezimboni kuhlukile kumarutha wezimboni we-4G kulawa maphuzu alandelayo:

(1) Amazinga ahlukene okusebenza

Ushintsho lwezimboni lwangempela lwalusebenza kusendlalelo sesixhumanisi sedatha (usendlalelo 2) sesakhiwo esivulekile se-OSI/RM, futhi umzila wezimboni we-4G ekuqaleni wawuklanyelwe ukusebenza kungqimba yenethiwekhi yemodeli ye-OSI. Njengoba ukushintshwa kwezimboni kusebenza kungqimba lwesibili (ungqimba lwesixhumanisi sedatha) lwe-OSI, isimiso sayo sokusebenza silula. Kodwa amarutha e-industrial 4G asebenza kusendlalelo sesithathu (ungqimba lwenethiwekhi) lwe-OSI, olungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe lwephrothokholi, namarutha e-4G yezimboni angenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu zokudlulisela phambili.

(2) Ukudluliselwa kwedatha kusekelwe ezintweni ezahlukene

Ukushintsha kwezimboni kusebenzisa amakheli wendawo noma amakheli e-MAC ukuze kunqunywe ikheli lendawo yokudlulisela idatha. Amarutha e-Industrial 4G asebenzisa izinombolo ze-ID (okungukuthi amakheli e-IP) zamanethiwekhi ahlukene ukuze anqume ikheli lokudlulisela idatha. Ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lisetshenziswa kusofthiwe futhi lichaza inethiwekhi lapho idivayisi itholakala khona. Kwesinye isikhathi lawa makheli ongqimba lwesithathu abizwa nangokuthi amakheli ephrothokholi noma amakheli enethiwekhi. Ikheli le-MAC livamise ukwakhiwa kuhadiwe, elinikezwe umkhiqizi wekhadi lenethiwekhi, futhi liye laqiniswa ekhadini lenethiwekhi, futhi ngokuvamile alinakushintshwa. Ikheli le-IP ngokuvamile linikezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo umlawuli wenethiwekhi noma isistimu.

(3) Ushintsho oluvamile lwezimboni lungahlukanisa kuphela isizinda sokungqubuzana, hhayi isizinda sokusakaza; kuyilapho irutha yezimboni ye-4G ingahlukanisa isizinda sokusakaza. Izingxenye zenethiwekhi ezixhunywe ukushintsha kwezimboni zisayingxenye yesizinda sokusakaza esifanayo, futhi amaphakethe edatha okusakaza azosakazwa kuwo wonke amasegimenti enethiwekhi axhunywe ukushintsha kwemboni, okungase kuholele ekusekelweni kwezokuxhumana kanye nokuba sengozini kwezokuvikela kwezinye izimo. Izingxenye zenethiwekhi ezixhunywe kumzila wezimboni we-4G zizokwabelwa ezizindeni ezihlukene zokusakaza, futhi idatha yokusakaza ngeke idlule kumzila wezimboni we-4G.

Nakuba ukushintshwa kwezimboni ngaphezu kwesendlalelo sesithathu kunemisebenzi ye-VLAN, isizinda sokusakaza singabuye sihlukaniswe, kodwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezizinda zokusakaza ezingaphansi akukwazi ukushiwo, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo kusadinga i-router ye-industrial 4G.

(4) Irutha yezimboni ye-4G inikeza isevisi yocingo lokuvikela. Idlulisela kuphela amaphakethe edatha anamakheli athile, futhi ayithumeli amaphakethe edatha angasekeli izivumelwano zomzila kanye nokudluliswa kwamaphakethe edatha kunethiwekhi eqondiwe, engavimbela iziphepho zokusakaza.