Menene sakewar hanyar sadarwa ta Ring?

Cibiyar sadarwa ta zobe tana amfani da zobe mai ci gaba da haɗa kowace na'ura tare.Yana tabbatar da cewa siginar da na'ura ɗaya ta aika za a iya gani ta duk sauran na'urorin da ke kan zobe.Sakewar hanyar sadarwar zobe tana nufin ko sauyawa yana goyan bayan hanyar sadarwar lokacin da haɗin kebul ya katse.Maɓallin yana karɓar wannan bayanin kuma yana kunna tashar ajiyar ajiyarsa don dawo da aikin sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa ta al'ada.A lokaci guda, an cire maɓalli tare da tashoshin jiragen ruwa 7 da 8 a cikin hanyar sadarwa, an rufe relay, kuma hasken mai nuna alama yana aika ƙararrawar ƙarya ga mai amfani.Bayan an gyara kebul ɗin zuwa al'ada, aikin relay da haske mai nuna alama don komawa yanayin al'ada.

A takaice, fasahar redundancy zobe na Ethernet na iya ba da damar wata ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa idan hanyar sadarwar ta gaza, wanda ke inganta amincin sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa sosai.

Menene ka'idar IP?

Ka'idar IP yarjejeniya ce da aka tsara don cibiyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta don sadarwa tare da juna.A cikin Intanet, wani tsari ne na doka da ke ba duk hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta da ke da alaƙa da Intanet damar sadarwa tare da juna, da kuma fayyace ƙa'idodin da ya kamata kwamfutoci su bi yayin sadarwa a Intanet.Tsarin kwamfuta da kowane mai ƙira ke samarwa na iya haɗa haɗin Intanet tare da Intanet muddin sun bi ka'idar IP.Tsarin hanyar sadarwa da kayan aikin da masana'antun daban-daban ke samarwa, kamar Ethernet, cibiyoyin sadarwar fakiti, da sauransu, ba za su iya sadarwa da juna ba.Tsarin ya bambanta.Ka'idar IP haƙiƙa wani tsari ne na software wanda ya ƙunshi shirye-shiryen software.Yana jujjuya "frames" daban-daban zuwa tsarin "IP datagram".Wannan juzu'i na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin Intanet, wanda ke ba kowane nau'in kwamfuta damar samun haɗin kai a Intanet, yana da halayen "buɗewa".Daidai saboda ƙa'idar IP ne Intanet ta haɓaka cikin sauri zuwa babbar hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta mai buɗewa a duniya.Don haka, ana iya kiran ka'idar IP ta "Internet Protocol".

Adireshin IP

Har ila yau, akwai wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin ka'idar IP, wato, an ƙayyade adireshi na musamman ga kowace kwamfuta da sauran kayan aiki a Intanet, mai suna "IP address".Saboda wannan adireshi na musamman, ana tabbatar da cewa idan mai amfani ya yi aiki a kan kwamfutar da ke da hanyar sadarwa, zai iya zabar abin da yake bukata cikin tsari da kuma dacewa daga dubban kwamfutoci.

Adireshin IP kamar adireshin gidanmu ne, idan kuna rubuta wa mutum wasiƙa, kuna buƙatar sanin adireshinsa domin ma’aikacin gidan waya ya iya isar da wasiƙar.Kwamfuta na aika sako kamar ma’aikacin waya, dole ne ta san “adireshin gida” na musamman don kada ta isar da wasiƙar ga wanda bai dace ba.Sai dai kawai adireshin mu yana bayyana da kalmomi, kuma adireshin kwamfuta yana bayyana a cikin lambobi biyu.

Ana amfani da adireshin IP don ba da lamba ga kwamfuta akan Intanet.Abin da kowa ke gani a kowace rana shi ne cewa kowane PC mai haɗin gwiwa yana buƙatar adireshin IP don sadarwa akai-akai.Za mu iya kwatanta “kwamfuta ta sirri” da “wayar tarho”, sannan “IP address” daidai yake da “lambar waya”, kuma na’ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa a Intanet tana daidai da “canjin sarrafa shirye-shirye” a ofishin sadarwa.