Kurenza urugero kuri Ring?

Umuyoboro wimpeta ukoresha impeta ikomeza kugirango uhuze buri gikoresho hamwe.Iremeza ko ikimenyetso cyoherejwe nigikoresho kimwe gishobora kubonwa nibindi bikoresho byose kumpeta.Impeta y'urusobekerane rwerekana niba switch ishyigikira umuyoboro mugihe insinga ya kabili ihagaritswe.Hindura yakira aya makuru kandi ikora porte yinyuma kugirango igarure imikorere isanzwe yitumanaho.Muri icyo gihe, uhinduranya ibyambu 7 na 8 bitandukanijwe murusobe, relay irafunze, kandi urumuri rwerekana rwohereza impuruza itariyo kubakoresha.Umugozi umaze gusanwa mubisanzwe, imikorere yumurongo hamwe nurumuri rwerekana kugirango usubire muburyo busanzwe.

Muri make, tekinoroji ya Ethernet ikora irashobora gutuma undi murongo uhuza itumanaho mugihe ihuza ryitumanaho ryananiranye, ritezimbere cyane kwizerwa ryitumanaho.

Porotokole ya IP ni iki?

IP protocole ni protocole yagenewe imiyoboro ya mudasobwa kugirango ivugane.Kuri interineti, ni urutonde rwamategeko atuma imiyoboro yose ya mudasobwa ihujwe na interineti ivugana nundi, ikanagaragaza amategeko mudasobwa zigomba kubahiriza mugihe zishyikirana kuri interineti.Sisitemu ya mudasobwa yakozwe nuwabikoze wese irashobora guhuza na interineti mugihe yubahirije protocole ya IP.Sisitemu y'urusobe n'ibikoresho byakozwe n'ababikora batandukanye, nka Ethernet, imiyoboro ihinduranya paki, nibindi, ntibishobora kuvugana.Imiterere iratandukanye.IP protocole mubyukuri ni porogaramu ya protocole igizwe na porogaramu za software.Ihindura kimwe "frame" zitandukanye muburyo bwa "IP datagram".Ihinduka nimwe mubintu byingenzi biranga interineti, ituma ubwoko bwose bwa mudasobwa bugera ku mikoranire kuri interineti, ifite ibiranga “gufungura”.Nubusanzwe kubera IP protocole ya interineti yateye imbere byihuse mumurongo munini wisi, ufungura itumanaho rya mudasobwa.Kubwibyo, IP protocole irashobora kandi kwitwa "Internet Protocole".

Aderesi ya IP

Hariho kandi ibintu byingenzi cyane muri protocole ya IP, ni ukuvuga aderesi idasanzwe isobanurwa kuri buri mudasobwa nibindi bikoresho kuri interineti, bita "IP adresse".Kubera iyi aderesi idasanzwe, byemezwa ko mugihe umukoresha akorera kuri mudasobwa ihujwe, ashobora guhitamo neza kandi byoroshye ikintu akeneye muri mudasobwa ibihumbi.

Aderesi ya IP ni nka aderesi iwacu, niba wandikira umuntu ibaruwa, ugomba kumenya aderesi ye kugirango umuposita ashobore gutanga ibaruwa.Mudasobwa yohereza ubutumwa nk'iposita, igomba kumenya "adresse y'urugo" idasanzwe kugirango idatanga ibaruwa kumuntu mubi.Ni uko aderesi yacu igaragarira mu magambo, naho aderesi ya mudasobwa igaragarira mu mibare ibiri.

Aderesi ya IP ikoreshwa mugutanga numero kuri mudasobwa kuri enterineti.Icyo buriwese abona burimunsi nuko buri PC ihuza imiyoboro ikenera aderesi ya IP kugirango itumanaho bisanzwe.Turashobora kugereranya "mudasobwa yihariye" na "terefone", hanyuma "aderesi ya IP" ihwanye na "nimero ya terefone", kandi router muri interineti ihwanye na "porogaramu igenzurwa na porogaramu" mu biro by'itumanaho.